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1
1000FriendsOfMD — 1000 Friends of Maryland
A
AAWRA — Anne Arundel Waterway Restoration Alliance
AboutWatersheds — NBC4's About Watersheds Accokeek Foundation — The Accokeek Foundation Adopt-A-Watershed VA — Adopt-A-Watershed VA AdoptAWatershed — Adopt-a-Watershed AGU — American Geophysical Union AirQualityIndex (AQI) — A measure of the purity of air for breathing. Air quality also impacts water quality. About 30% of nitrogen polluting the Chesapeake Bay comes from deposition from the airshed, due mainly to N02 emission from cars. algae — group of primitive, non-flowering plants which include certain seaweeds and microscopic phytoplankton Alice Ferguson Foundation — Alice Ferguson Foundation Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay — Alliance for the Chesapeake Bay American Canal Society — American Canal Society American Canoe Association — American Canoe Association American Fisheries Society — American Fisheries Society American Rivers — American Rivers American Water Resources Association — American Water Resources Association American Whitewater — American Whitewater AMS — The American Meteorological Society Anacostia River Business Coalition — Anacostia River Business Coalition Anacostia Riverkeeper — Anacostia Riverkeeper Anacostia Watershed Citizen's Advisory Committee — Anacostia Watershed Citizen's Advisory Committee Anacostia Watershed Network — Anacostia Watershed Network Anacostia Watershed Restoration Committee — Anacostia Watershed Restoration Committee Anacostia Watershed Society — Anacostia Watershed Society anadromous fish — fish such as American shad that migrate from their primary habitat in the ocean to freshwater to spawn anaerobic — not containing oxygen or not requiring oxygen AnnapolisCreeks — Friends of Annapolis Creeks anoxic — a condition where no oxygen is present. Much of the "anoxic zone" is anaerobic, with absolutely no oxygen, a condition in which toxic hydrogen sulfide gas is emitted in the decomposition process AOML — Atlantic Oceanographic & Meteorological Laboratory, NOAA ArlingtonEnvironment — Arlingtonians for a Clean Environment ASF — Alexandria Seaport Foundation ASNV — Audubon Society of Northern Virginia ATCONF — Appalachian Trail Conference Land Trust ATHA — Anacostia Trails Heritage Area Audubon — Audubon Naturalist Society AZE — Alliance for Zero Extinction - focus on species found in only one remaining, distinct location.
B
BBRF — Back Bay Restoration Foundation
BCWWG — Beaverdam Creek Watershed Watch Group BearCreekWatershed — Greater Bear Creek Watershed Association BeingInPlace — Alliance for Sustainable Communities Web benthic organism — plant or animal living in or on the bottom in aquatic habitats Blackwater and Nottoway Riverkeeper — Blackwater and Nottoway Riverkeeper Blue Ridge Voyagers — Blue Ridge Voyagers Blue-Heron — Blue Heron Environmental Network, Inc. BoatUS — Boat U.S. Clean Water Trust BogTurtleHabitats — Bog Turtle - Environmental Defense Fund BogTurtleJugsBay — Bog Turtle Conservation in Maryland BogTurtleProjectNC — Project Bog Turtle in North Carolina Herpetological Society BogTurtleRestoration — The Nature Conservancy Bog Turtle Restoration Program brackish water — mixture of fresh and salt water Brandywine Conservancy — Brandywine Conservancy BVPA — Brush Valley Preservation Association
C
Cacapon Institute — Cacapon Institute
Calvert Marine Museum Society — Calvert Marine Museum Society CandOCanal — C And O Canal Association CapaconRiver — Friends of the Cacapon River catadromous fish — fish such as the American eel that migrate from their primary habitat in freshwater to the ocean to spawn Catoctin Land Trust — Catoctin Land Trust CBCAC — Chesapeake Bay Critical Area Commission CBEF — Chesapeake Bay Ecological Foundation, Inc. CBF — Chesapeake Bay Foundation CBGS — Chesapeake Bay Governors School CBP — Chesapeake Bay Program CBT — Chesapeake Bay Trust CCADC — Canoe Cruisers Association of Washington DC CCGH — Canoe Club of Greater Harrisburg CCHW — Center for Health, Environment and Justice CCRIC — Citizens to Conserve and Restore Indian Creek CCSP — Climate Change Science Program - U.S. Federal Gov't agencies' coordinated climate research, monitoring and forecasting program CCTP — Climate Change Technology Program - U.S. Federal Gov't agencies' strategy to adapt to & mitigate climate change, including energy policy CDC — Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CEDS — Community and Environmental Defense Services CEE — Center for Environmental Education CEQ — Council on Environmental Quality CFC — chlorofluorocarbon CFCC — Conservancy for Charles County CFF — Chapman Forest Foundation CH3SCH3 — dimethyl sulfide CH4 — methane Chelonia — World Chelonian Trust Chesapeake Communities — Center for Chesapeake Communities Chesapeake Ecology Center — Chesapeake Ecology Center, Annapolis Chesapeake Native Nursery — Chesapeake Native Nursery ChesapeakeFromSpace — Chesapeake Bay & MidAtlantic From Space - Towson University ChesapeakeLandscape — Chesapeake Conservation Landscaping Council ChesterfieldsRiverfront — Friends of Chesterfields Riverfront Climate and Radiation — Climate and Radiation Research at NASA CLIVAR — Climate Variability and Predictability CMHL — Central Maryland Heritage League CMLandTrust — Carrollton Manor Land Trust CO — carbon monoxide CO2 — carbon dioxide Coastlines — Sealevel Rise and Coastline Impacts CommunityCommons — Community Commons Confluence — The Degree Confluence Project - photograph the world, at integer degrees of (lat,lon) Confluences — Chears map of places where things merge or flow together (especially rivers); ConservationFund — Conservation Fund copepods — minute shrimp-like crustaceans; often they are the most common zooplankton in estuarine waters CousteauSociety — Cousteau Society CPP — Center for Positive Practices CPS — Center for Partnership Studies CRA — Chester River Association CRCES — The Center for Research on the Changing Earth System CWH — Chesapeake Wildlife Heritage CWP — Center for Watershed Protection CWPT — Civil War Preservation Trust CWS — Center for Watershed Stewardship
D
DE-DNREC — Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control
DE-NHESP — Delaware Natural Heritage and Endangered Species Program decomposers — organisms (chiefly bacteria and fungi) that break down dead organic matter detritus — decomposed or partly decomposed plant and animal matter DiscoveryCreek — Discovery Creek Childrens Museum dissolved oxygen — microscopic bubbles of oxygen that are mixed in the water and occur between water molecules. Dissolved oxygen is necessary for healthy lakes, rivers, and estuaries. Most aquatic plants and animals need oxygen to survive. Fish will drown in water when the DOC — Department of Commerce(U.S.) DOD — U.S. Department of Defense DOE — Department of Energy(U.S.) DOI — U.S. Department of the Interior DOS — U.S. Department of State DOT — U.S. Department of Transportation DragonRun — Friends of Dragon Run, Inc. Ducks — Ducks Unlimited DykeMarsh — Friends of Dyke Marsh, Inc.
E
Earthcaching — Learning about the Earth using GPS.
EarthForce — Earth Force - Capitol Region EarthForce — Earth Force EASI — Environmental Alliance for Senior Involvement ebb tide — falling or lowering tide ECC — Earth Conservation Corps ecology — the study of interrelationships of living things to one another and to their environment EcoStewards — EcoStewards Alliance Inc ecosystem — an interactive system of a biological community and its non-living environment ElizabethRiver — Elizabeth River Project ElkWatershed — Elk Creeks Watershed Association EMAP — Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program(EPA, US) EnvironmentalConcern — Environmental Concern, Inc. EnvironmentalEducationOhio — Environmental Education Ohio - Chesapeake case study EO — Earth Observatory EOPB — Eyes of Paint Branch EOS — Earth Observing System EPA — Environmental Protection Agency(U.S.) EPA — Environmental Protection Agency - Watershed Projects EPA - Tutorial — EPA - Water Monitoring Tutorial EPA - Volunteer Stream Monitoring - Methods Manual — EPA - Volunteer Stream Monitoring - Methods Manual EPA - Volunteers — EPA - Water Monitoring Volunteers EPA-Watershed Academy Web — EPA online training in watershed management EPA4Kids — EPA Kids Page, with downloadable PDF Watershed Introduction erosion — the wearing away of land surface by wind or water; erosion occurs naturally but it is often intensified by man's land use practices ESE — NASA's Earth Science Enterprise ESSIC — Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center at Univ. of Maryland estuary — semi-enclosed, tidal, coastal body of water open to the sea in which fresh and salt water mix eutrophication — the fertilization of surface waters by nutrients that were previously scarce. Eutrophication through nutrient and sediment inflow is a natural aging process by which warm shallow lakes evolve to dry land. Human activities are greatly accelerating the proc
F
FairfaxReLeaf — Fairfax ReLeaf, Inc.
Fall Line — The boundary between the Piedmont Plateau and the Coastal Plain. Waterfalls and rapids mark this line, which generally follows Interstate 95. Our watershed's fall line crosses the Chears Earth Squad adopted 2-mile segment of the Anacostia's NW branch. FAO - UN — United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FEMA — Federal Emergency Management Agency flood tide — rising tide FOE — Friends of the Earth food chain — the sequence in which energy as food is transferred from one group of organisms to another food web — complex interaction of food chains in a biological community FOSC — Friends of Sligo Creek FOSR — Friends of the Shenandoah River FOTO — Friends of the Occoquan FourMileRun — Four Mile Run Program FriendsOfMD — 1000 Friends of Maryland FriendsStillCreek — Friends of Still Creek, a tributary of the Anacostia River
G
GCAN — Greenbelt Climate Action Network
GIS — geographic information system GISS — Goddard Institute for Space Studies Glossary — USGS Glossary of water science terms GloucesterCommunity — Gloucester Clean Community GooseCreekScenicRiver — Goose Creek Scenic River Advisory Board GSFC — Goddard Space Flight Center GwynnsFallsLeakinPark — Friends of Gwynns Falls and Leakin Park GwynnsFallsWatershed — Gwynns Falls Watershed Association
H
habitat — the place where a species of plant or animal is able to live
HarfordLandTrust — Harford Land Trust HarpersFerry — Harpers Ferry Conservancy HELP — Hydrology for Environment, Life and Policy (UNESCO/WMO) HeritageConservancy — Heritage Conservancy HerringRunWatershed — Herring Run Watershed Association HHS — U.S. Department of Health and Human Services HofflerCreek — Hoffler Creek Wildlife Foundation HOPE — Hyattsville Organization for a Positive Environment HorseheadWetlands — Horsehead Wetlands Center HPL — Horn Point Environmental Lab Water Monitoring HuntleyMeadowsPark — Friends of Huntley Meadows Park
I
IGBP — International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
InstituteNatureLeadership — Dedicate to promoting the sustaining effects of nature through stakeholder engagement and citizen education. IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IrvineNatureCenter — Irvine Nature Center IzaakWaltonLeague — Izaak Walton League of America
J
JamesRiver — James River Association
JCWC — Jefferson County Watersheds Coalition JCWP — Juniata Clean Water Partnership JonesFallsWatershed — Jones Falls Watershed Association JugBay — Jug Bay Wetlands Sanctuary
K
K-12 — Kindergarten through grade 12
L
LakeLinganore — Friends of the Lake
LakeLinganore — Lake Linganore Association LakeLinganoreSociety — Lake Linganore Conservation Society LaMotte — LaMotte Water Quality Educator and Monitoring Outfit LancasterCanoe — Lancaster Canoe Club LEnfantTrust — LEnfant Trust LoudounWildlife — Loudoun Wildlife Conservancy LowerEasternShoreHeritage — Lower Eastern Shore Heritage Committee LRCA — Lackawanna River Corridor Association LTER — The U.S. Long-Term Ecological Research network LTER-Baltimore — Baltimore ecosystem study, part of the National Science Foundation's Long-Term Ecological Research Network
M
MAEOE — Maryland Association for Environmental and Outdoor Education
MagothyRiver — Magothy River Association MAPA — Mid-Atlantic Paddlers Association marsh — low, wet grassland without trees, periodically covered by water MarylandForests — Maryland Forest Association Mason-DixonCanoe — Mason-Dixon Canoe Cruisers, Inc. MBSMP — Monocacy Basin Stream Monitoring Project MCAGFAIR — Montgomery County Agricultural Center MD-DNR — Maryland Department of Natural Resources MDLCV — Maryland League of Conservation Voters MDTributaryTeams — State of Maryland Tributary Teams MDWRSC — Maryland Wetlands Restoration Steering Committee MEA — Millennium Ecosystem Assessment of World Health Organization migration route — Link between two bioregions that permits the interchange of plants and/or animals. Types include corridors, filters, and sweepstakes routes. MNCPPC — The Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission MonocacyCanoe — Monocacy Canoe Club MonocacyCreekWatershed — Monocacy Creek Watershed Association, Inc. MontgomeryCountyStreams — Montgomery County Streams Team MPRA — Mattaponi and Pamunkey Rivers Association
N
N — nitrogen
N-PEC — Nanjemoy-Potomac Environmental Coalition, Inc. N2O — nitrous oxide NAEP — National Association of Environmental Professionals NanjemoyCreek — Nanjemoy Creek Environmental Education Center NanticokeRiver — Nanticoke Watershed Alliance NASA — National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCEP — National Centers for Environmental Prediction(U.S.) NeighborsNWB — Neighbors of the Northwest Branch nekton — free swimming aquatic organisms such as fish NewDream — Center for A New American Dream NewForestSociety — New Forest Society NGS — National Geographic Society - Chesapeake Education NIST — National Institute of Standards and Technology Nitrogen (N) — an inorganic nutrient essential for plant growth and reproduction when in oxidized forms (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia); excess can cause eutrophication; problems are usually associated with agricultural runoff and sewage NOAA — National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration non point source — coming from a general area such as runoff from farmland or suburban communities NOx — nitrogen oxides NRC — National Research Council NRL — Naval Research Laboratory, Monterey NSF — National Science Foundation nutrients — chemicals (primarily nitrogen and phosphorous) necessary for organisms to live NVCT — Northern Virginia Conservation Trust NWF — National Wildlife Federation NWQMN - CEQ proposal — National Water Quality Monitoring Network (CEQ Proposal) NWS — The National Weather Service(U.S.) NWTF — The National Wild Turkey Federation NY-DEC — New York Department of Environmental Conservation
O
O3 — ozone
OH — hydroxyl radical OMB — U.S. Office of Management and Budget ONR — Office of Naval Research ORION — Orion Society OSTP — U.S. Office of Science and Technology Policy OysterRecovery — Oyster Recovery Partnership
P
PA-DCNR — Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources
PageValley — Friends of Page Valley ParksAndPeople — Parks and People Foundation Partners 'n Parks — PG County Partners 'n Parks Program PATributaryStrategy — State of Pennsylvania Tributary Strategy Patuxent — Patuxent River Commission PAWatersheds - POWR — Pennsylvania Organization for Watersheds and Rivers PaxtonCreekWatershed — Paxton Creek Watershed and Education Association PECVA — Piedmont Environmental Council PEEC — Place-Based Education Evaluation Collaborative PennsValleyConservation — Penns Valley Conservation Association PGCStreams — Prince Georges County Stream Teams pH — a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a material, liquid or solid; estuarine water is naturally, slightly base, while rain is usually slightly acidic. phosphorus (P) — an inorganic nutrient essential for plant growth and reproduction; excess can cause eutrophication; problems are usually associated with farmland runoff, sewage, and detergents photosynthesis — the process by which plants convert sunlight into living tissue using carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients; primary production phytoplankton — the plant form of plankton, most are microscopic; they are important as primary producers in an estuarine ecosystem plankton — passively drifting or weakly swimming organisms living suspended in the water column, often microscopic but sometimes visible to the naked eye point source — a localizable definable source, of pollution, for example, such as a leaky gasoline pump pollution — the addition of a substance(s) to an environment in greater than natural concentrations as a result of human activity producing a net detrimental effect on the environment PollutionPrevention — National Pollution Prevention Roundtable PotomacConservancy — Potomac Conservancy PotomacRefuges — Friends of the Potomac River Refuges PotomacRiver — Potomac River Association PotomacRiverBasin — Interstate Commission on the Potomac River Basin PotomacRiverkeeper — Potomac Riverkeeper PotomacTrail — Potomac Trail Council PotomacWatershed — Potomac Watershed Partnership PRC — Pacific Rivers Council - East Precipitation-NWS — Precipitation Monitoring by the National Weather Service PRGC — Potomac River Greenways Coalition ProPaddle — Professional Paddlesports Association PSU-CAS — Pennsylvania State University, College of Agricultural Sciences PWConserve — Prince William Conservation Alliance
Q
QEW — Quaker Earth Care Witness
R
RACC — Rockbridge Area Conservation Council
Rappahannock — Friends of the Rappahannock RAPTOR — Residents Association for Progress in the Town of Riverdale RichmondAudubon — Richmond Audubon Society RiverNet — River Network Organization RiverSmart — River Smart Organization Roots and Shoots — Roots and Shoots Program--Jane Goodall
S
salinity — the measurement of the amount of dissolved salts in water, usually measured in parts per thousand; 35 ppt is average for seawater, 0 ppt for freshwater
SCN — Sustainable Communities Network SCRA — Shamokin Creek Restoration Alliance SCWC — Spring Creek Watershed Community SEDAC — Columbia U. Socio-Economic Data and Applications Center - census and related data sediment — particles which accumulate on the bottom of a waterway SERC — Smithsonian Environmental Research Center SevernRiver — Severn River Association sewage treatment — primary = screening or settling large solids out of sewage (only removes visible material) ShenandoahValleyPureWater — Shenandoah Valley Pure Water SierraClub — Sierra Club SMRP — Saint Marys River Watershed Project SnakeCreek — Snake Creeks Watershed Association SO2 — sulfur dioxide SOS — Save Our Streams SoutheastWatershed — Southeast Watershed Forum SouthernAlleghenyConservancy — Southern Allegheny Conservancy SouthRiver — South River Federation SpaCreek — Spa Creek Conservancy SRLT — Severn River Land Trust Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) — rooted vegetation which grows beneath the water surface SUNY-Oneanta-BFS — SUNY Oneanta Biological Field Station SWAQ — Sub-committee on Water Availability and Quality SwataraCreekWatershed — Swatara Creek Watershed Association
T
tides — periodic movement (raising and lowering) of a body of water by the gravitational attraction of the moon and sun with the rotation of the earth
TNC — The Nature Conservancy TPL — Trust for Public Land TreeMendous — Tree Mendous Maryland tributary — stream or river that supplies a larger body of water TRMM — Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TroutUnlimited — Trout Unlimited turbidity — the measurement of water cloudiness; it may be affected by sediment and plankton concentrations TurtleBooks — Turtle Books from California Turtle & Tortoise Club
U
UGWA — Upper Gila Watershed Alliance, operates from the rural communities of Gila and Cliff, New Mexico.
UMCES — University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science UN — United Nations UNDP — United Nations Development Programme UNEP — United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO — United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNFCCC — UN Framework Convention on Climate Change USAID — U.S. Agency for International Development USDA — U.S. Department of Agriculture USGCRP — U.S. Global Change Research Program USGS — U.S. Geological Survey USGS-EDC-DAAC — USGS Land Processes Data (from NASA's MODIS, etc) UV-B — Ultraviolet-B radiation UVA-IEN — University of Virginia Institute for Environmental Negotiation
V
VA-DCR — Virginia Department of Conservation Resources
VAPreservation — Preservation Alliance of Virginia VASOS — Virginia Save Our Streams Program VCNS — Virginia Canals and Navigation Society VINS — Virginia Institute of Marine Science VSO — Virginia Society of Ornithology
W
WAAC — Watershed Alliance of Adams County
WasteFreeLunches — Waste Free Lunches Water Table — The upper boundary or top surface of the zone of saturation in a soil profile or geologic formation. WaterfordFoundation — Waterford Foundation WaterQuality — A measure of the purity of drinking water, but there is far more to water quality than water treatment for human consumption. watershed — a geographical feature on the landscape where precipitation collects and then drains to a common water body (e.g., stream, bay, wetland) and / or sinks into the earth to become ground water. Along the way, water passing through the watershed picks up cont WAY — Watershed Alliance of York WBI — Whitehall Bay Institute WCV — Wildlife Center of Virginia WeemsCreek — Weems Creek Conservancy WHO — World Health Organization WIC — Water Information Center of the National Academy of Science WildernessSociety — Wilderness Society WildlifeHC — Wildlife Habitat Enhancement Council WL-Geology — Washington and Lee Department of Geology WLT — World Land Trust WSSC — Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission WV-DNR — West Virginia Division of Natural Resources WVRC — West Virginia Rivers Coalition
Z
zooplankton — animal form of plankton
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